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Date: April 30, 2024 Tue
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Results for young adults
20 results foundAuthor: Legler, Mark S. Title: Homeless Young Adults and Criminal Victimization: Analysis and Comparison of Police Records in Hennepin County, Minnesota Summary: Building on research that has shown high rates of victimization amongst homeless youth, this paper examines rates for a cohort of homeless youth and a comparison group of low-income youth. The data is analyzed in two parts: an examination of 29 months of arrest and victimization records for homeless young adults provided services at a youth homeless outreach service in Minneapolis, and a comparison of 13 months of those records against the records of a cohort of young adults receiving food assistance. The association between criminal perpetration and victimization are analyzed as well as the effect of demographic variables (age, gender, and race). African Americans compose the majority of both the homeless and control samples (62% and 57% respectively). Thirty-two percent of the homeless sample was arrested during the 29 month period. Twenty-three percent of the homeless sample was arrested during the 13 month period versus 15% of the food assistance recipients. Statistical tests for differences between percentages, a comparison of total number of victimizations, and a regression of demographic variables were conducted to determine overall victimization prevalence and stand-alone effects of variables. Results from the 29 month analysis of homeless youth indicate that a substantial number have been victims of crimes, with 27% of the sample experiencing victimization. Eighteen percent had been the victim of a personal crime. Thirteen percent had been the victim of a property crime. Those with an arrest during the time period were over three times as likely to be the victim of a personal crime (31%) and over three-and-a-half times as likely to be the victim of any crime (45%). No differences between gender, race, or age were significant in the regressions. Using rough estimations based on crime rates in Minneapolis, a homeless young adult is over seven and a half times more likely to be personally victimized than the average Minneapolis young adult. Results from the 13 month comparison do not show a significant difference in the number of homeless young adults victimized (12%) and the number of young adults utilizing food support victimized (9%). The combined cohort had significantly higher female property victimization (6% vs. 1%). Those arrested in the combined sample had higher rates of victimization overall (16% vs. 9%). The homeless sample had more total victimizations than the control sample (62 vs. 44). The homeless sample also suffered twice as many assaults as the control sample (20 vs. 10). Results from this study bring a broader understanding of victimization as affecting many low-income individuals: housed, homeless, perpetrators, and non-perpetrators. The insignificance of race, gender, and age suggest crime for homeless young adults is a symptom of context and environment. Findings suggest that risk factors do not spontaneously appear amongst a diverse group of homeless young adults, but are rather symptoms of environments that homeless and marginalized youth are forced to choose from. This research can lead to more effective policy prescriptions by helping to improve intervention strategies that minimize the chance of future victimizations and reduce the harm associated with such occurrences. Details: Minneapolis: Hubert H. Humphrey School of Public Affairs, University of Minnesota, 2013. 38p. Source: Internet Resource: Thesis: Accessed May 23, 2015 at: https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/150436/Legler_Homeless%20Young%20Adults%20and%20Criminal%20Victimization.pdf?sequence=1 Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: https://conservancy.umn.edu/bitstream/handle/11299/150436/Legler_Homeless%20Young%20Adults%20and%20Criminal%20Victimization.pdf?sequence=1 Shelf Number: 129677 Keywords: HomelessnessRunawaysVictimizationYoung Adults |
Author: Northern Ireland Executive Title: Pathways to Success: Preventing Exclusion and Promoting Participation of Young People Summary: The issue of young people disengaging from education, training and employment is one that Northern Ireland has faced, in common with other regions globally, for many years. The term ‘NEET’, meaning young people not in education, employment or training, was coined during the late 1990s and is widely recognised internationally. When used inappropriately, the term can carry possible negative connotations. However, it has gained widespread currency and its use in this document is intended to facilitate more precise thinking and strategic decision making about young people who spend a substantial amount of time outside education, employment or training. For the purposes of this strategy, it is helpful to consider three groups of young people for whom different types of Government intervention are appropriate: • those under 16, where the focus is on work to prevent young people becoming NEET; • those aged 16 to 18 who are not at school, college or in training, including those who face specific barriers to participation, where the focus is on measures to re-engage young people with education and training; and • young unemployed people aged 18 to 24, who are unemployed or economically inactive and who may or may not be in receipt of Job Seekers Allowance or other benefits, where the focus is on engaging young people with employment opportunities. In developing ‘Pathways to Success’, we have considered the three groups on an ‘end to end’ basis, from childhood all the way through to employment. There already exists a wide variety of existing public service provision to meet the needs of young people in all these groups, but one of the key issues identified through consultation was that the different programmes are not sufficiently joined up, leaving young people at risk of dropping out, particularly at key transition points. A main purpose of ‘Pathways to Success’ is, therefore, to help bring coherence to existing provision, while considering the need for new interventions to fill gaps, to signpost and to support young people in taking up the various programmes. Details: Belfast: Northern Ireland Executive, 2012. 85p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 27, 2012 at: http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/14668/1/del-pathways-to-success-june-2012.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/14668/1/del-pathways-to-success-june-2012.pdf Shelf Number: 126120 Keywords: Delinquency Prevention (Northern Ireland)Educational ProgramsExployment ProgramsYoung Adults |
Author: Great Britain. Office of the Deputy Prime Minister. Social Exclusion Unit Title: Transitions: Young Adults with Complex Needs: A Social Exclusion Unit Final Report Summary: Transitions is the Social Exclusion Unit's final report looking at 16 - 25 year-olds with complex needs. It examines the problems faced by young people as they move from adolescence to adulthood; it explores the areas of thinking and behaviour, age boundaries and holistic services and the trusted adult and sets out the principles of effective service delivery for young adults. The report ends by outlining the actions the Government will take to address the problems of service delivery to young adults with complex needs. Details: London: ODPM, 2005. 110p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 1, 2012 at: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/media/cabinetoffice/social_exclusion_task_force/assets/publications_1997_to_2006/transitions_young_adults.pdf Year: 2005 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/+/http://www.cabinetoffice.gov.uk/media/cabinetoffice/social_exclusion_task_force/assets/publications_1997_to_2006/transitions_young_adults.pdf Shelf Number: 126220 Keywords: At-Risk Youth (U.K.)Crime PreventionDelinquency PreventionDisadvantaged YouthYoung Adults |
Author: Justice Policy Institute Title: Working for a Better Future: How Expanding Employment Opportunities for D.C.'s Youth Creates Public Safety Benefits for All Residents Summary: Improving public safety in the District of Columbia depends on a comprehensive approach that includes multiple strategies spanning all City agencies, as well as the community at large. One facet of such a comprehensive approach is to improve outcomes for youth so fewer are either caught up in the justice system, a victim of crime, or both. This is one in a series of briefs addressing ways that improving youth outcomes can also result in better public safety outcomes for the District as a whole. A commitment to increasing employment opportunities for D.C.’s youth is important to giving them positive workplace experiences, reducing justice system involvement and improving their work and earning potential into adulthood. Quality and robust job training and placement assistance share with delinquency prevention programs the ability to reconnect disconnected youth and create pathways to positive outcomes. These programs can help empower D.C.’s young people by promoting a desire for continued education and personal and professional development. Details: Washington, DC: Justice Policy Institute, 2012. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 18, 2012 at: http://www.justicepolicy.org/research/3819 Year: 2012 Country: United States URL: http://www.justicepolicy.org/research/3819 Shelf Number: 126368 Keywords: At-risk YouthDelinquency PreventionEmploymentJob Training and EducationYoung Adults |
Author: Pleasence, Pascoe Title: Civil Legal Problems: Young People, Social Exclusion and Crime Summary: This briefing presents findings from the 2010 wave of the Civil and Social Justice Panel Survey (CSJPS), alongside supplementary findings from the earlier (but larger) 2006-9 Civil and Social Justice Survey (CSJS). The 2010 survey indicates that young people (aged 16 to 24) experience civil legal problems at a rate similar to that of the population as a whole, although problems are most common for those between their mid-twenties and mid-forties. Young people report high levels of certain types of problems, including those concerning rented housing, welfare benefits and debt. Young people ranked civil legal problems concerning education as the most severe, followed closely by family problems. Young people pointed to lack of money being a cause of problems more often than others, with loss of income and employment problems also commonly mentioned. Young people also indicated violence to be a cause of problems more frequently than others. Stress-related illness was commonly mentioned as being both a cause and consequence of problems. In all, 24% of problems faced by young people led to illness of some description, with knock on demand on health services. Loss of income and loss of confidence were also common consequences of problems for young people, and they were much more likely than others to point to negative impact on their education. Some problems experienced by young people were interlinked. One visible problem cluster involved problems concerning rented housing, crime victimisation, anti-social neighbours and consumer issues, further linked to money, debt and employment problems. Reported levels of crime victimisation were similar for all people under the age of retirement, though the youngest respondents to the 2010 CSJPS more often reported having been victims of robbery and assault. Within young people as a whole, lone parents, victims of crime, those who had recently had contact with the police, those with mental health problems, those who admitted drug use, those who were socially isolated and those not in education, employment or training reported civil legal problems more often. In all, 80% of all young people reporting civil legal problems fell in one category of vulnerability. Young people falling into multiple categories of vulnerability became increasingly more likely to report problems. Vulnerable young people also tended to report problems of greater severity. The types of problems reported by vulnerable young people were different to those reported by other young people. For example, those not in education, employment or training reported high levels of housing problems and relatively high levels of debt and family related problems. Those recently arrested reported high levels of homelessness and problems concerning money and rented housing. Young people more often did nothing to resolve problems and less often obtained formal advice. This was despite young people reporting many benefits of advice. In all, 62% of young respondents to the CSJPS reported that formal advice from another person or organisation led to improvements in their life circumstances, compared to 43% in the case of older respondents. Details: London: The Law Centres Federation and Youth Access, 2011. 19p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed October 14, 2012 at http://youthaccess.org.uk/uploads/documents/Advice%20Publications/Civil_Legal_Problems_Social_Exclusion_and_Crime_FINAL.pdf Year: 2011 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://youthaccess.org.uk/uploads/documents/Advice%20Publications/Civil_Legal_Problems_Social_Exclusion_and_Crime_FINAL.pdf Shelf Number: 126703 Keywords: Anti-Social BehaviorCrime StatisticsCrime VictimizationDisadvantaged YouthYoung Adults |
Author: Donnelly, Neil Title: Young Adults' Experience of Responsible Service of Alcohol in NSW: 2011 Update Summary: Aim: To determine whether the provision of responsible service of alcohol (RSA) changed in NSW licensed premises between 2002 and 2011. Method: A repeat cross-sectional telephone survey of young adults (n=2,503 in 2011, n=2,427 in 2006, n=1,090 in 2002). Results: The percentage of respondents who reported showing at least one sign of intoxication at licensed premises decreased from 2006 to 2011 (from 56% to 51%). The overall provision of RSA to those who reported any signs of intoxication increased from 2002 to 2011 (from 10% in 2002 to 15% in 2006 to 19% in 2011). There was no change in the overall provision of RSA to those who reported three or more signs of intoxication between 2006 and 2011. However, particular RSA practices appear to have become more stringent among more intoxicated patrons (4% were asked to leave the premises in 2006 cf. 12% in 2011). Non-intoxicated patrons also reported that intoxicated patrons were asked to leave the licensed premises more often over this time period. Conclusion: There has been an increase in the use of RSA initiatives in New South Wales licensed premises over the period 2002 through 2011. Details: Sydney: NSW Bureau of Crime Statistics and Research, 2012. 20p. Source: Crime and Justice Bulletin No. 162: Internet Resource: Accessed October 14, 2012 at http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/CJB162.pdf/$file/CJB162.pdf Year: 2012 Country: Australia URL: http://www.bocsar.nsw.gov.au/lawlink/bocsar/ll_bocsar.nsf/vwFiles/CJB162.pdf/$file/CJB162.pdf Shelf Number: 126707 Keywords: Alcohol Related Crime, DisorderLicensed PremisesYoung Adults |
Author: Alvira-Hammond, Marta Title: Gainful Activity and Intimate Partner Violence in Emerging Adulthood Summary: Intimate partner violence (IPV) crosses social class boundaries, but employment and education are salient predictors of IPV. Few studies examine education and employment among both partners, particularly among younger adults who may not be married or cohabiting. Moreover, completed level of education and employment individually may not be ideal for the period of emerging adulthood. We examined associations between IPV and gainful activity, defined as enrollment in school or full-time employment, among young adults in current dating, cohabiting, or married relationships (N=618). We found that when neither partner was gainfully active respondents had especially high odds of reporting IPV. We also found that women’s participation in gainful activity was negatively associated with IPV. In cases of gainful activity asymmetry, the gender of the gainfully active partner did not predict odds of IPV. Additionally, we found no evidence that the influence of gainful activity differs according to union type. Details: Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University The Center for Family and Demographic Research, 2013. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: 2013 Working Paper Series: Accessed July 17, 2013 at: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-BGSU-2013-006/PWP-BGSU-2013-006.pdf Year: 2013 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-BGSU-2013-006/PWP-BGSU-2013-006.pdf Shelf Number: 0 Keywords: EducationEmploymentIntimate Partner Violence (U.S.)Young Adults |
Author: Bhairam, Robin Title: "Clark Kent drives my bus" - a study of safety and risk in public spaces through the narratives of young people Summary: This research explores the complexities of young peoples' personal understanding and experiences of violence and safety in public spaces. The research itself is constructed through establishing the interrelationships between the theories, practices and policies of safety and young people. Working through these links has facilitated an original framework for understanding by accessing data using young people's own experiences and views. There is a significant body of published research exploring young people as offenders but a real absence, especially in the UK literature, of young people as potential victims of violent crime. In particular children's own conceptualisations of risk, safety and victimisation are little understood. This research explores young people's thoughts on exactly this. The empirical research draws upon qualitative data derived from semi-structured interviews with 21 young people aged from 10 to 18 years old taken from a socioeconomically mixed area of London. The findings show that irrespective of age, the young people have constructed a very real understanding of safety and risk. Children, even at a young age have developed a myriad of personal safety strategies that involve awareness of teenagers, locations and individuals who they perceive as guardians. However, these strategies emerge without meaningful reference to police or government policy and are largely embedded in a world far away from those in reach of official community safety agents. This research suggests that there needs to be a move away from portraying young people as 'folk devils' who sit at the heart of many 'moral panics' towards involving them as significant actors and contributors to social policy making by giving them a voice on the political stage. Details: Portsmouth, UK: University of Portsmouth, 2012. 204p. Source: Internet Resource: Dissertation: Accessed July 22, 2014 at: http://eprints.port.ac.uk/11967/1/Robin_Bhairam_Thesis.pdf Year: 2012 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://eprints.port.ac.uk/11967/1/Robin_Bhairam_Thesis.pdf Shelf Number: 132732 Keywords: Children and ViolenceChildren, Crime AgainstMoral PanicsPersonal SafetyPublic Space (U.K.)Victims of CrimeViolent CrimeYoung Adults |
Author: Manning, Wendy D. Title: Cohabitation and Intimate Partner Violence During Emerging Adulthood: High Constraints and Low Commitment Summary: In recent years, a majority of young adults experience cohabitation. Nevertheless, cohabitation is a risk factor for intimate partner violence (IPV). Drawing on exchange and commitment theory we analyzed young adults' IPV experiences using the recently collected (2011-2012) Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study data (n = 926). We found that socio-demographic characteristics, relationship commitment and constraints (e.g., sexual exclusivity, dedication, financial enmeshment), and prior experience with violence (in prior relationships and family of origin) were associated with IPV, but did not explain the association between cohabitation and IPV. We examined variation among individuals in cohabiting relationships to determine who faces the greatest risk of intimate partner violence. Serial cohabitors and cohabitors who experienced both low commitment and high relational constraints faced the greatest risk of IPV. These findings provided insights into the implications of cohabitation for the well-being of young adults. Details: Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University, The Center for Family and Demographic Research, 2015. 35p. Source: Internet Resource: Working Paper: Accessed July 8, 2015 at: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-BGSU-2015-016/PWP-BGSU-2015-016.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-BGSU-2015-016/PWP-BGSU-2015-016.pdf Shelf Number: 135923 Keywords: CohabitationIntimate Partner ViolenceYoung Adults |
Author: Kaufman, Angela M. Title: Inducing Jealousy and Intimate Partner Violence among Young Adults Summary: Jealousy is a robust predictor of intimate partner violence; yet few studies have explored the ways in which individuals induce jealousy in intimate relationships. Using data from the Toledo Adolescent Relationships Study (TARS), we examined correlates and consequences of jealousy induction – the occurrence whereby individuals intentionally seek to incite jealousy from their intimate partners. Drawing on data from 892 young adults, we found that in addition to qualities of the intimate relationship, including control attempts and verbal conflict, being male and familial background characteristics (i.e., family structure, harsh parenting, and parental support) significantly influenced individuals’ engagement in jealousy induction. Jealousy inducing behaviors also contributed to the odds of experiencing intimate partner violence after accounting for familial background characteristics, intimate relationship qualities and sociodemographic factors (i.e., age, race, gender). We discussed potential mechanisms linking these relationship dynamics and suggestions for future research. Details: Bowling Green, OH: Bowling Green State University, Center for Family and Demographic Research, 2015. 26p. Source: Internet Resource: 2015 Working Paper Series: Accessed September 25, 2015 at: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-BGSU-2015-014/PWP-BGSU-2015-014.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United States URL: http://papers.ccpr.ucla.edu/papers/PWP-BGSU-2015-014/PWP-BGSU-2015-014.pdf Shelf Number: 136875 Keywords: Intimate Partner Violence Jealousy Young Adults |
Author: Crellin, Richard Title: On your own now: the risks of unsuitable accommodation for older teenagers Summary: This report looks at the lives of 16 and 17 year olds who cannot live at home with their families and the risks they face when they are placed in accommodation provided by their local authority, intended to prepare them to live independently as adults. The report is based on an analysis of the sufficiency strategies of 102 local authorities, a survey with 118 providers of accommodation in 83 local authorities in England and focus groups with 11 young people who have experience of living in accommodation designed to prepare them for independence at the age of 16 or 17. The survey of accommodation providers included supported accommodation, foyers, supported lodgings, floating tenancy support and training flats. The findings focus on the risks these vulnerable young people face, the support they receive, how they are safeguarded, local authorities' forward planning when commissioning these types of services and critically how things change when they turn 18 and become independent adults. Case studies are included throughout. Risks identified included substance misuse, mental health and wellbeing, poverty, and eviction and unplanned moves. Local authorities failed to sufficiently plan accommodation for 16 to 17 year olds. Accommodation providers were unlikely to be integrated into local structures designed to safeguard children or staff employed often had no safeguarding qualifications. The report argues that the complex variety of different provisions for looking after these vulnerable young people combined with support, care and living arrangements that are not subject to enough scrutiny by the state have resulted in a situation which is damaging young people lives in ways that stay with them well into adult life. Details: London: The Children's Society, 2015. 64p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed January 13, 2016 at: http://www.childrenssociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/On%20your%20own%20now%20-%20Appendices.pdf Year: 2015 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.childrenssociety.org.uk/sites/default/files/On%20your%20own%20now%20-%20Appendices.pdf Shelf Number: 137569 Keywords: At-Risk YouthHomelessnessVulnerable YouthYoung Adults |
Author: McLeod, Keith Title: Using Integrated Administrative Data to Identify Youth Who Are at Risk of Poor Outcomes as Adults Summary: This paper summarises findings from an analysis of integrated administrative data seeking to identify the characteristics of young people aged 15 to 24 who are most at risk of poor long-term outcomes. The research is part of a broader 'social investment approach' by government agencies seeking to target services more effectively towards those most at need and reflects the recognition that such an approach requires better evidence about who these at-risk groups are. The analysis identifies those characteristics in the administrative data that are most predictive of a range of future poor outcomes and how this changes over the course of a young person's entry into adulthood and identifies groups of young people at particular risk at different ages. Details: Wellington, NZ: New Zealand Treasury, 2015. 74p. Source: Internet Resource: Analytical Paper 15/02: Accessed February 5, 2016 at: http://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/research-policy/ap/2015/15-02/ap15-02.pdf Year: 2015 Country: New Zealand URL: http://www.treasury.govt.nz/publications/research-policy/ap/2015/15-02/ap15-02.pdf Shelf Number: 137776 Keywords: At-Risk YouthDelinquency PreventionYoung Adults |
Author: Roe-Sepowitz, Dominique Title: YES Project. Youth Experiences Survey: Exploring the Sex Trafficking Experiences of Arizona's Homeless and Runaway Young Adults Summary: This study investigated the prevalence of sex trafficking experiences among homeless young adults ages 18-25 years old who received services from homeless programs in Arizona during July 2014. The purpose of this study was to explore the unique experiences and challenges facing sex trafficked homeless young adults compared to non-sex trafficked homeless young adults. Surveys were completed by 246 homeless youth receiving services from young adult serving organizations in Arizona including: Tumbleweed Youth Services (Phoenix), One-n-Ten (Phoenix), and Our Family (Tucson). Findings revealed 25.6% of the participants reported a history of sex trafficking, 21.8% of the male participants and 24.5% of the female participants. LGBTQ young adults were significantly more likely to report sex trafficking experiences (33, 38.4%) than heterosexual young adults (23, 19.7%). The sex trafficked young adults were found to significantly differ from the non-sex trafficked participants with higher rates of self harm, history of suicide attempt, addictions to drugs and alcohol, history of dating violence, childhood sexual abuse, and medical and mental health problems. Implications from these findings indicate that as many as one in four homeless young adults in Arizona has experienced sexual exploitation through a commercial sex trafficking situation, with 65.1% reporting having a sex trafficker. These findings also demonstrate that sex trafficking is experienced by both male and female homeless young adults and is significantly more likely to be reported by youth who identify as LGBTQ. Details: Tempe: Arizona State University, School of Social Work, Office of Sex Trafficking Intervention Research, 2014. 32p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 10, 2016 at: http://trustaz.org/downloads/rr-stir-youth-experiences-survey-report-nov-2014.pdf Year: 2014 Country: United States URL: http://trustaz.org/downloads/rr-stir-youth-experiences-survey-report-nov-2014.pdf Shelf Number: 137832 Keywords: Homeless PersonsHuman TraffickingJuvenile ProstitutionRunawaysSex TraffickingYoung Adults |
Author: Cohan, Lorena M. Title: Crime, violence, at-risk youth, and responsible tourism in Latin America and the Caribbean Summary: The Latin America and Caribbean (LAC) region has one of the highest levels of crime and violence in the world. While the average world homicide rate is 11 homicides per 100,000 residents, the rate in the LAC region is 36 per 100,000 (WHO, 2003). Crime and violence are now recognized as serious economic and social problems with very high economic and social costs, especially in poor urban areas. By some estimates, the region loses up to 14 percent of its gross domestic product (GDP) to violence. Particularly worrisome is the fact that youth in the region (typically defined as 15-24 year-olds) and young men in particular are disproportionately involved in violence, as both victims and perpetrators. As a case in point, the LAC region has the world's highest homicide rate of men between the ages of 15 and 29 (69 per 100,000), with perpetrators of violent crimes most often being young men between the ages of 16 and 25. This note provides an overview of three sustainable tourism initiatives in the region that seek to link tourism related activities with social programs that by focusing on the most common types of risk factors help prevent youth from becoming engaged in at-risk behavior, including crime and violence. All three of these initiatives were highlighted at the 'learning event on sustainable and responsible tourism in LAC.' Although the initiatives described in this note have not yet undergone impact evaluations, they do provide promising ideas for future Bank operations that seek to link sustainable tourism and at-risk youth programs. Details: Washington, DC: The World Bank, 2009. 4p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed July 28, 2016 at: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/12/08/000333038_20091208014404/Rendered/PDF/520430BRI0EnBreve1430Box345549B01PUBLIC1.pdf Year: 2009 Country: Latin America URL: http://www-wds.worldbank.org/external/default/WDSContentServer/WDSP/IB/2009/12/08/000333038_20091208014404/Rendered/PDF/520430BRI0EnBreve1430Box345549B01PUBLIC1.pdf Shelf Number: 130067 Keywords: At-Risk Youth Tourism and Crime Violence Violent Crime Young Adults |
Author: Barrow Cadbury Trust Title: Race and the Criminal Justice System: hearing from Young Adults Summary: A Voice for Young Adults on Criminal Justice In 2016, Leaders Unlocked established the T2A (Transition to Adulthood) Young Adult Advisory Group in collaboration with the Barrow Cadbury Trust. The purpose of the Advisory Group is to enable young adults with personal experience of the Criminal Justice System to have a national voice on policy. This includes a personal or family experience of the criminal justice system, such as engagement with the police, being convicted of a crime, or being a victim of a crime. The T2A Young Adult Advisory Group goes beyond traditional models of consultation; it is driven by young adults and allows them to put forward solutions to the problems they identify in their own peer groups. The aims of the Advisory Group are to: - Gather and represent the views of young adults on the Criminal Justice System (CJS). - Act as a sounding board to inform the T2A Alliance. - Produce reports outlining the views of young adults on different criminal justice themes. - Present insights and recommendations to policy-makers working on criminal justice reform. Through this project, a diverse group of 10 young adults aged 18-25 years from across the country have worked in partnership with the T2A Alliance to identify and address priority issues for young adults in the Criminal Justice System. Hearing from Young Adults on Race and Criminal Justice In the summer of 2016, the T2A Young Adult Advisory Group selected Race and the Criminal Justice System as their first priority. This Group chose this priority because they felt passionate about this issue and because it tied in to a number of current national developments, such as the Lammy Review and the Young Review. The Group's aims were to: - Gather personal testimonies from BAME (Black Asian and Minority Ethnic) young adults of their experiences of policing and criminal justice. - Understand whether, and how, participants feel their racial, ethnic and religious identity affected these experiences. - Explore participants' views on trust in the CJS. - Involve participants in the development of solutions for policy makers. This report is based on 90 in-depth conversations with young adults around the country, gathered using a range of methods including: focus groups, surveys, and semi-structured interviews. The report is structured into 4 key sections that outline what we have found about the experiences and treatment of young adults at different stages of the Criminal Justice System: 1. Policing and Arrest 2. Courts and Sentencing 3. Youth Offending and Probation Services 4. Custody The final section, Section 5, looks at the question of Trust in the Criminal Justice System, exploring the overarching findings from our participants around trust. Each section features verbatim quotes from young adults and outlines the main ideas they have put forward for change. The pictures featured throughout the report are images of the work created by young adults participating in our focus groups. This report is intended to act as an unmediated, reflective record of what young adults have told us through this peer-to-peer listening process. It is also intended to be the starting point for further thought and action on the part of policy makers and practitioners. Details: London: Barrow Cadbury Trust, 2017. 30p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 7, 2017 at: https://www.barrowcadbury.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Race_criminalJusticeReport_v6-1.pdf Year: 2017 Country: United Kingdom URL: https://www.barrowcadbury.org.uk/wp-content/uploads/2017/07/Race_criminalJusticeReport_v6-1.pdf Shelf Number: 146767 Keywords: Police LegitimacyYoung AdultsYouthful Offenders |
Author: Scott, Sara Title: Aycliffe CSE innovation project: evaluation report: July 2016 Summary: The rise in concern about sexual exploitation and the difficulties of keeping exploited young people safe in the community has resulted in more referrals of sexually exploited young women to secure accommodation. However, depriving young people of their liberty on welfare grounds is a contentious issue, particularly given a lack of evidence of its effectiveness in improving outcomes. Within this context, the central question being tested by this pilot was: can secure accommodation provide a therapeutic environment, engage sexually exploited young people with appropriate therapeutic support and support their transitions into a safer life in the community? Key Findings Development of the pilot: - The pilot project was efficiently established and, by June 2015, staff for the specialist house were appointed and trained and the first young women were admitted. - A strong core team was created which included Barnardo's and Odysseus staff working alongside residential workers. A shared ethos was developed, although in the first few months, consistency of approach was sometimes impeded by under-staffing and reliance on cover staff. - Over the course of its implementation the planned model of working has evolved with a number of changes made to its original design: - The step-down facility was not pursued; - Individual trauma-focused therapy was not provided for most young women; - After a brief period of education being provided in the house, almost all young women attended Aycliffe's main provision. However, the biggest difference between what was planned and what occurred related to the source of referrals. Rather than coming mainly from the north east, referrals came from much further afield and this has a major impact on the sustainability of the transitional and throughcare support that has been provided. Outcomes for young people: - Over the course of the pilot period, eleven young women have been resident in the specialist house, mainly referred on 3 month orders (with some extended to 6 months). Ages have ranged from 13 to 17 years. - Most of these young women had extremely troubled backgrounds, often including major experiences of violence and abuse. In most cases, the precipitating factor for seeking a secure order was frequency of missing episodes, placement breakdowns and serious concerns for the young women's safety. - The development of positive relationships with staff was a key objective of the pilot and staff succeeded in developing some very postive relationships. However, the attachment difficulties of the young women have presented major challenges. These have been compounded by the time-limited and brief nature of the secure placements as well as the mix of young people in terms of age and need. - There is some evidence for an increase in the young women's understanding of the impact of child sexual explanation (CSE), although this has varied between individuals. - There is also some evidence of improvements in the mental and emotional well-being of some young people during their time at Aycliffe. However, the project has been unable to address the complex underlying difficulties affecting many of the young women referred in the short time available to do so. - Some young people have engaged well with education while at Aycliffe although there has been uncertainty about how best to accommodate education alongside therapeutic needs. Planning for future education or training has been limited by the difficulties of achieving well planned transitions to suitable placements. - In most cases, positive transitions into suitable placements have not been achieved. Local Authority planning has been poor and placements difficult to find. Placements have often been identified only very shortly before young women have been due to move. However, the project has involved families well wherever possible and, despite many placements being far-flung, workers have provided considerable support to young people during and following transitions. Outcomes for Aycliffe - Staff report increased knowledge and confidence in relation to working with CSE affected young people. 100% of staff have completed a 5 day training course on trauma, attachment and CSE which was very positively received. - There is some early evidence that a more therapeutic culture is emerging across Aycliffe and this can partly be attributed to the Innovations project. The introduction of clinical supervision has been welcomed by most staff and is making a difference. - There is evidence that sustaining relationships across transitions from secure accomodation into the community is appreciated by young people, parents and social workers. Details: Feethams, Darlington: UK: Department of Education, 2016. 84p. Source: Internet Resource: Children's Social Care Innovation Programme Evaluation Report 03: Accessed August 28, 2017 at: http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/26762/1/Aycliffe_CSE_Project_report.pdf Year: 2016 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://dera.ioe.ac.uk/26762/1/Aycliffe_CSE_Project_report.pdf Shelf Number: 146924 Keywords: Child ProtectionChild Sexual AbuseChild Sexual ExploitationCost Benefit AnalysisFoster CareYoung Adults |
Author: Cuddy, Joshua Title: Young Adults and Community Supervision: The Need for Developmentally Appropriate Approach to Probation Summary: While community supervision (probation) is widely accepted to be an effective strategy for diverting people from prison and offering rehabilitative programming, the truth is that young adults placed on adult probation for felony offenses are far more likely to be revoked and sent to prison than older adults. Young adults are less likely than older adults to have remained on probation for the full term by the two-year point, and the majority of cases terminated by the two-year point were due to revocation rather than successful completion. In fact, only 18 percent of 17- to 21-year-olds successfully completed and were terminated from felony probation in FY 2017. The rate was slightly better for 22-to 25-year-olds, with 41 percent successfully completing and being terminated from probation, compared to 60 percent of felony probationers over age 25. Sadly, nearly 7,400 young men and women had their probation revoked in FY 2017, with 7,000 young people committed to prison or jail. Traditional probation practices are not effective with 17-to 25-year-olds on felony probation. Courts continue to discount important developmental factors when setting probation conditions. This is heartbreaking when one considers the missed opportunities to alter the course for a generation of young adults who might otherwise have moved beyond criminal justice system involvement and led productive lives. New approaches are critical, as people aged 17-25 are disproportionately represented in the criminal justice system overall, both in Texas and nationally. At a national level, young adults aged 18-25 make up less than 10 percent of the total population but represent approximately 29 percent of all arrests, 26 percent of people on probation, and 21 percent of all people admitted into adult prison. Young people of color, more so than any other age group, are disproportionately involved in the justice system. Nationally, for every white man sentenced to prison in 2012, there were six African American men and three Hispanic/Latino men imprisoned. Similarly, for every white man aged 18 to 19 sent to prison, nine African American men and three Hispanic/Latino men of the same age were imprisoned. Upon release from prison, young adults are significantly more likely to be re-arrested and/or return to prison compared to other age groups, a factor that underscores the essential role that community supervision can play in keeping young adults out of prison. Incarceration fundamentally derails a young adult's transition into adulthood, and it diminishes the likelihood of finishing school, establishing a career, and starting a family. Probation can be an effective tool for rehabilitation, and it is the primary means by which felony defendants are diverted from prison in Texas. According to data from the Harris County Community Supervision and Corrections Department, adults who successfully completed a term of probation were less likely (regardless of risk level) to be re-arrested within 16 months of release than those with the same risk level who were sentenced to state jail. The same results are seen at the juvenile level, where youth who successfully complete community supervision in the juvenile system are 21 percent less likely to be re-arrested within a year than those who are incarcerated. Also importantly, community supervision is significantly less expensive than incarceration. At the adult level, community supervision costs the state $1.78 per person per day as opposed to $51.72 for incarceration in state jail. At the juvenile level, basic supervision cost $5.93 per youth per day as opposed to $37.62 for placement in a post-adjudication residential program or $441.92 for placement in a state residential facility. The benefits of community supervision - both in public safety and taxpayer savings - are only realized when the completion rates improve for all demographics, especially young adults on felony probation. The purpose of this report is to highlight evidence-based practices that improve outcomes, strengthening public safety and changing the life trajectory of young adults who might otherwise spend years in prison. Details: Austin, Texas: Texas Criminal Justice Coalition, 2018. 18p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed September 8, 2018 at: https://www.texascjc.org/node/8645/download/4681e2359b4d1e06f47d3cbe79e99940 Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://www.texascjc.org/system/files/publications/Young%20Adults%20and%20Community%20Supervision%20Report.pdf Shelf Number: 151442 Keywords: Community SupervisionFelony ProbationJuvenile IncarcerationProbationRehabilitationYoung Adults |
Author: Police Foundation Title: Policing and Young Adults: Developing a Tailored Approach Summary: This report contributes to the on-going discussion around treating young adults as a distinct age group within the criminal justice system. It asks whether the police should develop a tailored approach to the 18 to 25 age group and describes what such an approach might look like, informed by examples of innovative approaches. The report is divided into six sections. First it introduces the context surrounding young adults and the criminal justice system, before summarising the findings of a 2013 scoping study undertaken by the Police Foundation. It then identifies key policy developments since 2013 and assesses a number of innovative approaches to the policing of young adults that have emerged in that five year period. The report concludes by outlining the potential developments which could promote a tailored approach to young adults within policing. It offers a series of recommendations and outlines potential next steps for a programme of pilot-based research to be pursued in police forces in England and Wales. The report’s conclusions can be summarised as follows: 1. The current policing response to young adults is not suitable. The evidence that supports developing a distinct and tailored approach across the criminal justice system is applicable to the domain of policing. 2. There are at present pockets of good practice across the country that provide the foundation for a tailored approach towards the policing of young adults focused on diverting young adults away from the criminal justice system, on improving the relationship between the police and young adults through the adoption of procedural justice approaches and on increasing the engagement and participation of young adults in bodies informing police decision making. 3. The Police Foundation recommends that a number of pilot studies are undertaken in police forces in England and Wales to test the practicability and effectiveness of these approaches. Details: London, United Kingdom: The Police Foundation, 2018. 21p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed February 23, 2019 at: http://www.police-foundation.org.uk/publication/policing-young-adults-developing-tailored-approach/ Year: 2018 Country: United Kingdom URL: http://www.police-foundation.org.uk/2017/wp-content/uploads/2018/07/policing_and_young_adults_final_report_2018.pdf Shelf Number: 154361 Keywords: At-Risk Youth England Juvenile Delinquency Juveniles Law Enforcement Police Foundation Policing Procedural Justice Young Adults |
Author: Stark, Lindsay Title: Sex and Age Effects in Past-Year Experiences of Violence Amongst Adolescents in Five Countries Summary: Abstract: Purpose: To date, there has been insufficient focus on age and sex differences in studies of violence amongst adolescents and young adults in low- and middle-income countries. As adolescence is a formative period during which experiencing violence can have both short- and long-term consequences, we aim to investigate experiences of violence by age and sex across five countries. Methods: Incidences of past-year violence victimization were estimated by sex across two-year age bands (13-24 years) using Violence Against Children Survey datasets from Cambodia, Haiti, Kenya, Malawi, and Tanzania. Analyses were conducted separately for each country. The presence of an association with age and each type of violence was identified using logistic regressions separately by sex. Sex was then added to the models as an interaction term and adjusted Wald tests were used to assess differences between males and females in age effects. Results: Risk of physical violence by both an adult caregiver and a community member decreased with age for both sexes in all countries. In contrast, risk of IPV increased with age for both sexes in all countries. Although some countries displayed a steeper increase in risk of IPV and sexual violence with age for males, females face higher overall levels of risk for these forms of violence. Conclusion: Findings highlight how adolescents' and young adults' risk of violence changes with age and type of violence. The analysis underscores the importance of collecting violence data disaggregated by age and sex to best inform policies and programming. Details: San Francisco, California: Plos One, 2019. 13p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 11, 2019 at: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0219073&type=printable Year: 2019 Country: International URL: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0219073 Shelf Number: 156949 Keywords: Adolescents Interpersonal Violence Partner Violence Physical Violence Violence Against Children Young Adults |
Author: Baldwin, Molly Title: Cognitive Behavioral Theory, Young Adults, and Community Corrections: Pathways for Innovation Summary: In this new report, co-authored by Molly Baldwin, Anisha Chablani-Medley, Luana Marques, Vincent Schiraldi, Sarah Valentine, and Yotam Zeira, the authors review a collaborative initiative between Roca, a community-based organization in Massachusetts that serves high-risk, justice-involved young men ages 17 to 24, and Community Psychiatry PRIDE, an implementation and dissemination clinical research center affiliated with Harvard Medical School and Massachusetts General Hospital, which focuses on reducing mental health disparities in racially and ethnically diverse communities. The two entities designed a Cognitive Behavioral (CBT) curriculum specifically for the young adult population Roca serves, which is over represented in community corrections. The curriculum development process included the following stages: Literature review Needs assessment and model review Curriculum development Piloting Details: Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard Kennedy School, 2018. 16p. Source: Internet Resource: Accessed August 25, 2019 at: https://www.hks.harvard.edu/sites/default/files/centers/wiener/programs/pcj/files/cbt_young_adults.pdf Year: 2018 Country: United States URL: https://www.hks.harvard.edu/centers/wiener/programs/criminaljustice/research-publications/executive-session-on-community-corrections/publications/cognitive-behavioral-theory-young-adults-community-corrections Shelf Number: 157064 Keywords: Cognitive Behavioral Theory Community Corrections Community-Based Engagement Mental Health Young Adults |